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Lesson Eleven. 1. Genitive. Weak declension. In singular, the genitive of weak nouns has the same ending as the accusative and dative. In plural, the common ending -a is used in masculine, while feminine and neuter forms add -na:
Examples: kniv drenga, ljus måna, streng boga, kant skivu, kant skivna, pipper hjarta, pipper hjartna, blig joga, blig jogna; a boy’s knife (= boys’ knife), light of a moon(s), string of a bow, edge of a disk, edge of disks, beat of a heart, beat of hearts, blink of an eye, blink of eyes. dokka ‘young girl’ (nf.w.), mågi ‘stomach’ (nm.w), jora ‘ear’ (nn.), bogi ‘curve; small bay’ (nm.), nyra ‘kidney’ (nn.), nalta ‘grain, particle’ (nf.), måni ‘moon’ (nm.), skiva ‘slice; piece of turf’ (nf.); kant (nm.s1.) ‘edge’, pipper (nn.s.) ‘beat (f.ex. heart-beat)’, blig (nn.s.) ‘blink’ Exercise 11.1. jakki nm.w. – jacket dekk nn.s. – deck
2. Perfect tense of weak verbs Weak
verbs form their perfect participle through adding a suffix similar to
the one used in past tense (see Lesson 8, p. 2), except that roots
ending in -d get a different treatment: Exercise 11.2. A boy has called a dog. A girl has saved horses. She has
had dogs. We haven't had dogs. I have saved you (sg.). You (pl.) have
visited us. He has built houses. A boy has bought balls.
3. Cardinal numerals 2 tver 3 trir 4 fyre 5 fimm 6 seks 7 sjø 8 åtta 9 nie 10 tie 11 ellive 12 tolv 13 tretten 14 fjurten 15 fimmten 16 seksten 17 sjøtjen 18 åtjen 19 nitjen 20 tuttu 21 tuttu og en 30 tretti 40 fjoreti 50 fimti 60 seksti 70 sjøti 80 åttati 90 niti 100 (et) hundrað (neuter) 200 tvø hundrað 300 trø hundrað 400 fyre hundrað 500 fimm hundrað 876 åtta hundrað sjøti og seks 1000 (et) tusen (neuter) 2000 tvø tusen 3000 trø tusen 4000 fyre tusen 481 926 fyre hundrað åttati og et tusen ni hundrað tuttu og seks 1 000 000 (en) milljon (feminine) 2 000 000 tver milljoner 3 000 000 trer milljoner 4 000 000 fyre milljoner 1 000 000 000 (en) milljard (masculine) 2 000 000 000 tver milljardar 3 000 000 000 trir milljardar 2 362 283 379 tver milljardar trø hundrað seksti og tver milljoner tvø hundrað åttati og trø tusen trø hundrað sjøti og ni The first 3 numerals decline in the same way as adjectives, agreeing with the noun in gender, case and number. En '1' has both singular and plural (the meaning of plural is 'alone' applied to multiple persons), while tver and trir are plural only.
The rest of the numerals are invariant to changes in gender and case. Examples: a. (one sg.) en drengi, en dokka, ett hjarta, en hest, en fjord, en ferd, ett nyra, ett bånn one boy, one girl, one heart, one horse, one fjord, one trip, one kidney, one child b. (one pl.) Dir voru ener. Der voru enar. De voru en. They (M) were alone. They (F) were alone. They (N) were alone. c. (two) tver drengar, tver dokker, tvø hjartu, tver hestar, tver fjorder, tver ferder, tvø nyru, tvø bånn two boys, two girls, two hearts, two horses, two fjords, two trips, two kidneys, two children d. (three) trir drengar, trer dokker, trø hjartu, trir hestar, tver ferder, trø nyra, trø bånn three boys, three girls, three hearts, three horses, three fjords, three trips, three kidneys, three children e. (acc) um en drenga, fyri ena dokku, um ett hjarta; um två drenga, fyri tver dokker, um tvø hjartu; um trå drenga, fyri trer dokker, um trø hjartu; um fyre drenga, fyri fyre dokker, um fyre hjartu about one boy, for one girl, about one heart etc. f. (dat) veð enon drenga, frå enari dokku, i enu hjarta; veð tvemon drengon, frå tvemon dokkon, i tvemon hjarton; veð trimon drengon, frå trimon dokkon, i trimon hjarton; veð fyre drengon, frå fyre dokkon, i fyre hjarton with one boy, from one girl, in one heart etc. g. (gen) til ens drenga, uten ennar dokku, til ens hjarta; til tvegga drenga, uten tvegga dokka, til tvegga hjartna; til trigga drenga, utenn trigga dokka, til trigga hjartna; til fyre drenga, uten fyre dokka, til fyre hjartna. to one boy, without one girl, to one heart etc. Exercise 11.3. a) one
boy, one girl, one child, two boys, two girls, two children, three
boys, three girls, three children, four horses, seven days, nine
houses, eleven days;
Reading Dað er sju dagar i hvarari vogu: månadag, tysdag, udensdag, hursdag,
fridag, ljogardag og sunnudag. Dað er en dag mella månadags og
udensdags, tver dagar mella hursdags og ljogardags og trir dagar mella
tysdags og fridags. NB! names of the months do never change: frå april til august Discuss this lesson on the forum
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